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To understand
the risk level each of the FundX Upgrader
Funds, it is important to understand how we classify the
wide array of mutual funds available to us.
Our
fund classification system is an essential component of Upgrading. Rather
than categorizing funds according to investment styles, market capitalization,
or other commonly used criteria, we group equity funds into four
risk classes, with bond funds grouped into a fifth class.
We examine the downside potential of each fund and group them with
their peers. For example, we don't isolate international funds from
domestic, or growth funds from value funds. Instead, we segregate
funds based on portfolio diversification and downside risk.
Using these broad categories offers a full range of investment opportunities.
It also allows us to exploit trends in market leadership without
being lured into riskier funds. The funds with the highest returns
to rise to the top, whatever their investment approach may be. We
can then confidently compare funds based on current performance,
regardless of style or strategy and move between funds without increasing
our overall portfolio risk.
Each of the FundX Upgrader Funds has
approximate upper limits to how much each portfolio may venture
into each particular class. Keep in mind that these self-imposed
limits are targets and the funds will generally be invested within
these constraints. Changes between classes in the portfolios are
made at the discretion of the Portfolio Management Team overseeing
the funds.
In broad terms, this is how we define our five fund classes:
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CLASS 1: SECTOR AND SPECIALIZED
AGGRESSIVE STOCK FUNDS |
In Class 1 we
list funds presenting high levels of risk. Most "sector"
funds that focus on a particular industry or market sector
are in this category because they lack the diversification
of more broad-based equity funds. Gold or precious metals
funds are grouped into this category. Class 1 funds may invest
in very small or unseasoned companies (micro-caps), or particular
countries or geographic regions. This may include "emerging
markets" - countries with less stable developing economies.
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CLASS 2: AGGRESSIVE STOCK
FUNDS WITH ABOVE AVERAGE RISK |
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Funds
in Class 2 typically experience higher volatility than the
overall U.S. equity market. They may hold stocks or convertible
bonds of small- or mid-sized companies. These funds may also
lack diversification by focusing on a few industry sectors
or by concentrating in a few individual holdings.
In pursuit of higher returns, Class 1 and 2 funds may employ
leveraging techniques such as margin, or use derivative instruments
such as uncovered put or call options in ways likely to increase
volatility.
Funds that are not significantly correlated to, or are negatively
correlated to domestic and overseas equity markets are generally
found in either Class 1 or 2. These may include "bear
market" funds that make extensive use of short-selling
techniques.
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CLASS
3: HIGHER QUALITY DIVERSIFIED STOCK FUNDS |
We
use Class 3 stock funds as the core of any portfolio designed
for long-term growth.
Primarily, these are diversified portfolios comprised of well-established
mid- and large-sized companies, possibly including some bonds
or cash. The international and global funds tend to invest
in larger companies in mature economies, such as Europe and
Japan, and are diversified across many countries.
Class 3 funds, as a group, have a risk profile similar to
that of the overall U.S. equity market (as measured by an
index like the S&P 500 or the Wilshire 5000), with some
funds having greater risk and others less.
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CLASS 4: TOTAL RETURN (BALANCED)
FUNDS |
Class
4 funds tend to be more defensive than the other equity classes
and usually have a history of lower volatility than the domestic
stock market. These funds display a wide variety of investment
strategies, often including common stocks in combination with
some income-generating instruments in order to reduce the
risk of their stock holdings. They may hold derivative instruments
such as futures and covered call options, or use hedging techniques
such as short selling. Although these funds may use such instruments
in ways that are intended to lower portfolio volatility, there
is no assurance they will succeed in doing so.
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CLASS 5: FIXED INCOME (BOND) FUNDS |
The
primary objective of bond funds is to generate current income
while preserving capital. Because of their more predictable
income streams, bonds generally have less price volatility
than stocks. Funds that invest in bonds with higher credit
quality and shorter maturity tend to be less risky than those
with lower credit quality and longer maturity. Some Class
5 funds, seeking higher total return, specialize in high yield
bonds with lower credit quality, or in international bonds
denominated in foreign currencies.
The FundX Flexible Income Fund may utilize underlying funds
invested in taxable bonds, either corporate or government.
The average duration, maturity, and credit quality of these
bond portfolios can differ widely. These funds will be used
to varying degrees depending on where we see the greatest
opportunities.
While the Funds are no-load, there are management fees and
operating expenses that do apply.
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